由于蓄熱燃燒法有機(jī)廢氣治理系統(tǒng)內(nèi)含有的高濃度有機(jī)廢氣存在易燃易爆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在治理系統(tǒng)中性是必需考慮的因素。
Due to the high concentration of organic waste gas contained in the thermal storage combustion method organic waste gas treatment system, there is a risk of flammability and explosion, and safety is a necessary factor to consider in the treatment system.
廢氣收集與輸送管道
Waste gas collection and transportation pipeline safety
因有機(jī)廢氣的易燃性和存在爆炸的危險(xiǎn)性，治理系統(tǒng)的有機(jī)廢氣濃度應(yīng)控制在其爆炸下限的25%以下。當(dāng)RTO進(jìn)氣濃度較高時(shí)，應(yīng)采取措施調(diào)整廢氣中有機(jī)物濃度其爆炸極限下限25%以下，以確保RTO運(yùn)行。當(dāng)廢氣濃度波動較大時(shí)，應(yīng)在前端采取稀釋、緩沖等措施，確保進(jìn)入蓄熱式焚燒裝置的廢氣濃度平穩(wěn)且低于爆炸下限的25%。
Due to the flammability of organic waste gas and the risk of explosion, the concentration of organic waste gas in the treatment system should be controlled below 25% of its lower explosion limit. When the RTO intake concentration is high, measures should be taken to adjust the organic matter concentration in the exhaust gas to below 25% of its lower explosion limit to ensure the safety of RTO operation. When the concentration of exhaust gas fluctuates significantly, measures such as dilution and buffering should be taken at the front end to ensure that the concentration of exhaust gas entering the regenerative incineration device is stable and below 25% of the lower explosive limit.
當(dāng)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管道采用金屬材質(zhì)時(shí)應(yīng)采用光滑內(nèi)壁金屬管、采取法蘭間銅片或銅線跨接、系統(tǒng)管道接地等措施，風(fēng)管內(nèi)壁禁止涂刷非導(dǎo)電防腐涂層，防止靜電產(chǎn)生和積聚。當(dāng)廢氣中含有腐蝕性氣體時(shí)，所有集氣罩、管道、閥門和顆粒過濾器均應(yīng)采用耐腐蝕材料制造或按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行防腐處理。除控制處體的濃度、溫度之外，在管道系統(tǒng)適當(dāng)位置應(yīng)安裝符合相關(guān)規(guī)定的阻火裝置。管道系統(tǒng)正壓段應(yīng)采取措施防止介質(zhì)泄漏事故發(fā)生。當(dāng)管道內(nèi)氣體溫度超過60℃時(shí)，應(yīng)做隔熱保護(hù)或相關(guān)警示標(biāo)識。
When the system air duct is made of metal material, smooth inner wall metal pipes should be used, copper sheets or wires between flanges should be used for bridging, and system pipeline grounding measures should be taken. Non conductive anti-corrosion coatings should not be applied to the inner wall of the air duct to prevent the generation and accumulation of static electricity. When the exhaust gas contains corrosive gases, all gas collection hoods, pipelines, valves, and particle filters should be made of corrosion-resistant materials or undergo anti-corrosion treatment according to standards. In addition to controlling the concentration and temperature of the processed gas, fire arresters that comply with relevant regulations should be installed at appropriate locations in the pipeline system. Measures should be taken to prevent medium leakage accidents in the positive pressure section of the pipeline system. When the gas temperature inside the pipeline exceeds 60 ℃, insulation protection or relevant warning signs should be installed.
預(yù)處理和后處理部分
Pre processing and post processing safety
當(dāng)廢氣中含有易自聚物質(zhì)或自催化物質(zhì)時(shí)，因其受熱易發(fā)生自聚或自反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致蓄熱體堵塞、系統(tǒng)壓降上升或自燃事故，故此類廢氣不宜直接利用蓄熱燃燒法進(jìn)行處理。
When the exhaust gas contains substances that are prone to self aggregation or self catalysis, it is prone to self aggregation or self reaction when heated, leading to blockage of the heat storage body, increase in system pressure drop, or self ignition accidents. Therefore, this type of exhaust gas should not be directly treated using thermal storage combustion method.
廢氣預(yù)處理設(shè)施通常是對廢氣中的粉塵、酸、堿、易自聚物質(zhì)、大分子物質(zhì)廢氣、水分、含氯物質(zhì)、漆霧等進(jìn)行預(yù)處理。當(dāng)有機(jī)廢氣中含有樹脂、顆粒物、固化劑、高沸點(diǎn)芳烴等容易在管道輸送過程中形成顆粒物時(shí)，應(yīng)按物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)選擇合適的吸收、吸附和過濾等預(yù)處理措施。后處理部分通常是對高溫燃燒生成的NOx或處理含硫或含鹵素有機(jī)物產(chǎn)生的二氧化硫、鹵化氫氣體。除了吸收裝置之外，治理系統(tǒng)與主體生產(chǎn)裝置之間、與儲罐收集系統(tǒng)之間應(yīng)安裝阻火器（防火閥），阻火器的性能應(yīng)符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。
Waste gas pre-treatment facilities usually pre-treat dust, acids, alkalis, easily self aggregating substances, macromolecular substances, waste gas, moisture, chlorine containing substances, paint mist, etc. in the exhaust gas. When organic waste gas contains resins, particulate matter, curing agents, high boiling point aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., which are prone to form particulate matter during pipeline transportation, appropriate pre-treatment measures such as absorption, adsorption, and filtration should be selected based on the properties of the substance. The post-processing section usually deals with NOx generated by high-temperature combustion or sulfur dioxide and hydrogen halide gas generated by treating sulfur-containing or halogen-containing organic compounds. In addition to the absorption device, flame arresters (fire dampers) should be installed between the governance system and the main production device, as well as between the storage tank collection system. The performance of the flame arresters should comply with relevant standards.
袋式除塵器處理高溫?zé)霟岷瑝m氣體時(shí)，在除塵器之前應(yīng)設(shè)有火花捕集器，處理易燃易爆含塵氣體應(yīng)選用抗靜電濾材并對外殼接地，且應(yīng)設(shè)置防爆泄爆設(shè)施。除塵器過濾器應(yīng)設(shè)置壓差計(jì)，當(dāng)壓差超過設(shè)定范圍時(shí)，應(yīng)立即清理或更換過濾材料。應(yīng)做好處理設(shè)施防雷防靜電措施，根據(jù)不同處理設(shè)施分析其存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并采取相應(yīng)防護(hù)措施。對于預(yù)處理后濕度較大的廢氣應(yīng)先采取措施后再處理。
When using a bag filter to process high-temperature and hot dusty gases, a spark trap should be installed before the filter. When handling flammable and explosive dusty gases, anti-static filter materials should be selected and the casing should be grounded, and explosion-proof and explosion relief facilities should be installed. The dust collector filter should be equipped with a pressure difference gauge. When the pressure difference exceeds the set range, the filter material should be cleaned or replaced immediately. Measures should be taken to prevent lightning and static electricity in processing facilities, analyze the safety risks existing in different processing facilities, and take corresponding protective measures. For waste gas with high humidity after pre-treatment, dehumidification measures should be taken before treatment.
濃縮部分
Concentration section safety
濃縮吸附材質(zhì)一般選擇活性炭或沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪，但活性炭本身在高溫下容易自燃不建議選擇。對于沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪應(yīng)關(guān)注吸附過量有機(jī)廢氣后在高溫狀態(tài)下低閃點(diǎn)有機(jī)廢氣燃燒現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)入轉(zhuǎn)輪吸附區(qū)的廢氣溫度宜控制在40℃以下，脫附風(fēng)溫度宜為180~220℃，不應(yīng)高于300℃。應(yīng)關(guān)注高沸點(diǎn)有機(jī)溶劑油霧過多堵塞轉(zhuǎn)輪的情況，定期檢查及校正轉(zhuǎn)輪脫附溫度，在進(jìn)入轉(zhuǎn)輪氣室時(shí)應(yīng)按照受限空間管理要求落實(shí)管理措施。轉(zhuǎn)輪氣室應(yīng)設(shè)置溫度監(jiān)控和自動連鎖控制系統(tǒng)及N2、消防水等自動滅火設(shè)施及防雷防靜電設(shè)施。
Activated carbon or zeolite wheels are generally chosen as concentrated adsorption materials, but activated carbon itself is prone to spontaneous combustion at high temperatures and is not recommended. For zeolite wheels, attention should be paid to the combustion phenomenon of low flash point organic waste gas at high temperatures after excessive adsorption of organic waste gas. The temperature of the waste gas entering the adsorption area of the wheel should be controlled below 40 ℃, and the temperature of the desorption air should be 180-220 ℃, not higher than 300 ℃. Attention should be paid to the situation of high boiling point organic solvent oil mist blocking the runner, and regular inspection and correction of the runner desorption temperature should be carried out. When entering the runner chamber, safety management measures should be implemented in accordance with the requirements for confined space safety management. The runner chamber should be equipped with temperature monitoring and automatic interlocking control systems, as well as automatic fire extinguishing facilities such as N2 and fire water, as well as lightning and static protection facilities.
蓄熱室燃燒室換熱器部分
Safety of regenerative chamber combustion chamber heat exchanger section
蓄熱通常有兩室蓄熱、三室蓄熱和旋轉(zhuǎn)式蓄熱3種，輔助燃料通常有天然氣、液化石油氣、柴油和電加熱等方式，不論何種燃料蓄熱式焚燒裝置，均須設(shè)置過載、溫度過熱保護(hù)、防爆泄壓裝置等措施。燃料供給系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)置高低壓保護(hù)和泄漏報(bào)警裝置。應(yīng)具有過熱保護(hù)功能并設(shè)置可靠的火焰控制系統(tǒng)、溫度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、壓力控制系統(tǒng)等。應(yīng)安裝符合規(guī)定的防雷防靜電設(shè)施，具備短路保護(hù)和接地保護(hù)功能，接地電阻應(yīng)小于4Ω。裝置應(yīng)進(jìn)行整體保溫，隔熱、保溫層應(yīng)采用阻燃材料，外表面溫度應(yīng)低于60℃，爐門、檢修門、防爆口、傳感器安置部位等局部區(qū)域應(yīng)低于70℃。
There are usually three types of heat storage: two chamber heat storage, three chamber heat storage, and rotary heat storage. Auxiliary fuels typically include natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, diesel, and electric heating. Regardless of the type of fuel used for heat storage incineration, safety measures such as overload, temperature overheating protection, and explosion-proof pressure relief devices must be installed. The fuel supply system should be equipped with high and low pressure protection and leakage alarm devices. It should have overheating protection function and be equipped with safe and reliable flame control system, temperature monitoring system, pressure control system, etc. Lightning and static protection facilities that comply with regulations should be installed, with short-circuit protection and grounding protection functions, and the grounding resistance should be less than 4Ω. The device should be insulated as a whole, and the insulation and insulation layer should be made of flame-retardant materials. The external surface temperature should be below 60 ℃, and local areas such as furnace doors, maintenance doors, explosion-proof ports, and sensor placement areas should be below 70 ℃.
為防止?fàn)t體殘留廢氣發(fā)生爆炸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在開機(jī)點(diǎn)火和導(dǎo)入廢氣前應(yīng)對爐體進(jìn)行吹掃。燃燒室和蓄熱室前的管道應(yīng)設(shè)置壓力計(jì)和泄放裝置（閥或爆破片裝置）。RTO氣體進(jìn)出口、燃燒室、蓄熱室和換熱器均應(yīng)設(shè)具有自動報(bào)警功能的多點(diǎn)溫度檢測，并與系統(tǒng)連鎖溫度調(diào)節(jié)。應(yīng)設(shè)置放散裝置，燃燒室、蓄熱室溫度檢測應(yīng)與點(diǎn)火報(bào)警系統(tǒng)聯(lián)鎖，當(dāng)溫度過低或火焰熄滅時(shí)立即發(fā)出報(bào)警信號，關(guān)閉廢氣進(jìn)氣閥門并啟動放散裝置。應(yīng)設(shè)置超溫強(qiáng)制排風(fēng)措施，進(jìn)入燃燒室的廢氣濃度控制在廢氣的爆炸下限的25%以內(nèi)，燃燒室、蓄熱室進(jìn)口設(shè)置廢氣濃度檢測和報(bào)警聯(lián)鎖裝置，當(dāng)廢氣濃度達(dá)到爆炸下限的25%時(shí)應(yīng)能立即發(fā)出報(bào)警信號并啟動放散裝置。
To prevent the risk of explosion caused by residual exhaust gas in the furnace body, the furnace body should be purged before starting ignition and introducing exhaust gas. Pressure gauges and safety relief devices (safety valves or bursting disc devices) should be installed in the pipelines in front of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber. RTO gas inlet and outlet, combustion chamber, heat storage chamber, and heat exchanger should all be equipped with multi-point temperature detection with automatic alarm function, and be interlocked with the system for temperature regulation. A safety release device should be installed, and the temperature detection of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber should be interlocked with the ignition alarm system. When the temperature is too low or the flame is extinguished, an alarm signal should be immediately issued, the exhaust gas inlet valve should be closed, and the safety release device should be activated. Overtemperature forced exhaust measures should be set up, and the concentration of exhaust gas entering the combustion chamber should be controlled within 25% of the lower explosive limit of the exhaust gas. Exhaust gas concentration detection and alarm interlocking devices should be installed at the inlet of the combustion chamber and heat storage chamber. When the exhaust gas concentration reaches 25% of the lower explosive limit, an alarm signal should be immediately sent out and the safety release device should be activated.
末端排放部分
End discharge safety
治理系統(tǒng)排氣筒的采樣平臺應(yīng)牢固并設(shè)置符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的防護(hù)欄桿，護(hù)欄底部應(yīng)設(shè)置踢腳板，對于高溫部分管道應(yīng)設(shè)置防燙措施和警示標(biāo)識。對高溫部分管道上的調(diào)節(jié)閥應(yīng)選用耐高溫閥門并定期檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)異常及時(shí)處理。對非防雷保護(hù)范圍的排氣筒，應(yīng)裝設(shè)避雷設(shè)施。
The sampling platform for the exhaust pipe of the governance system should be firm and equipped with standard protective railings. The bottom of the guardrail should be equipped with a baseboard. For high-temperature pipelines, anti scalding measures and warning signs should be installed. For regulating valves on high-temperature pipelines, high-temperature resistant valves should be selected and regularly inspected. Any abnormalities found should be promptly addressed. Lightning protection facilities should be installed for exhaust pipes that are not within the scope of lightning protection.
其他要求
Other safety requirements
由于蓄熱式焚燒裝置在高溫下操作，存在爆炸的危險(xiǎn)，在場址選擇上應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離油庫、儲油槽、溶劑存放地以及其它危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品存放地。由于存在爆炸和著火的危險(xiǎn)，系統(tǒng)的消防設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)納入工廠的消防系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)。消防通道、防火間距、疏散的設(shè)計(jì)和消防栓的布置應(yīng)符合相關(guān)規(guī)定，按照規(guī)定配置移動式滅火器。
Due to the high temperature operation of the regenerative incineration device, there is a risk of explosion. Therefore, the site selection should be far away from oil depots, oil storage tanks, solvent storage areas, and other hazardous chemical storage areas. Due to the risk of explosion and fire, the fire protection design of the system should be incorporated into the overall design of the factory's fire protection system. The design of fire exits, fire separation distances, safe evacuation, and the arrangement of fire hydrants should comply with relevant regulations, and mobile fire extinguishers should be equipped according to regulations.
必須在治理工程與主體生產(chǎn)裝置之間安裝阻火器或防火閥，壓縮空氣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)置低壓保護(hù)和報(bào)警裝置。輸送高濃度含塵廢氣要選擇除塵風(fēng)機(jī)，輸送高溫廢氣應(yīng)選擇高溫風(fēng)機(jī)，輸送有腐蝕性氣體的應(yīng)選擇防腐風(fēng)機(jī)，輸送有爆炸和易燃?xì)怏w的必須選用具有防爆功能的風(fēng)機(jī)、電機(jī)，還應(yīng)做好減震措施，風(fēng)機(jī)、電機(jī)和現(xiàn)場的電氣儀表等應(yīng)滿足現(xiàn)場防爆要求。
Fire arresters or fire dampers must be installed between the governance project and the main production equipment, and low-pressure protection and alarm devices should be installed in the compressed air system. Dust removal fans should be selected for transporting high concentration dusty waste gas, high-temperature fans should be selected for transporting high-temperature waste gas, anti-corrosion fans should be selected for transporting corrosive gases, explosion-proof fans and motors must be selected for transporting explosive and flammable gases, and shock absorption measures should be taken. Fans, motors, and on-site electrical instruments should meet on-site explosion-proof requirements.
應(yīng)設(shè)置自動控制，應(yīng)具有自動記錄溫度變化曲線的功能以備查。根據(jù)工藝要求對系統(tǒng)廢氣濃度、溫度、壓力和流量等參數(shù)進(jìn)行自動檢測和控制。RTO裝置設(shè)置連鎖應(yīng)急排氣筒，蓄熱式焚燒裝置的爐膛應(yīng)設(shè)置超溫強(qiáng)制排風(fēng)措施。廢氣治理設(shè)備設(shè)置區(qū)域宜按相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)置可燃?xì)怏w報(bào)警器。
Automatic control should be set up and have the function of automatically recording temperature change curves for future reference. Automatic detection and control of system exhaust gas concentration, temperature, pressure, and flow parameters according to process requirements. The RTO device should be equipped with interlocking emergency exhaust pipes, and the furnace of the regenerative incineration device should be equipped with overtemperature forced exhaust measures. The area where waste gas treatment equipment is installed should be equipped with combustible gas alarms according to relevant standards.
考慮設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障狀態(tài)或事故狀態(tài)時(shí)的，除編制常規(guī)操作規(guī)程外，還應(yīng)編制故障狀態(tài)處理程序，事故或緊急狀態(tài)下應(yīng)急操作和排除方法文件并落實(shí)培訓(xùn)。
Considering the safety of equipment in the event of a malfunction or accident, in addition to developing routine safety operating procedures, it is also necessary to develop fault state handling procedures, emergency operation and troubleshooting methods documents in case of accidents or emergencies, and implement training.
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